| Author
| Title
| Date
| Abstract
| PDF
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| Cycle 1 (1999-2001)
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| Alexandra Botelho | The Durieu Album: Early Nineteenth-Century French Photographic Techniques and Studies of the Nude | 2001 | The Durieu Album, containing 119 early paper photographic prints, is an example of French photography that dates from the mid-1850s and is attributed to photographer Eugène Durieu (1800-1874). The work of Durieu has often been associated with the painter Eugène Delacroix (more...) | PDF
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| Alexandra Botelho | Early Paper Photographic Processes: The Calotype LeGray’s Waxed Paper Negative Process | 2000 | This research looks at the earliest of the negative processes: Talbot's Calotype. All other negative processes descended from this process. The process uses precipitated silver iodide as the light-sensitive component on good quality writing paper. Positive prints are made using the salted paper process. (more...) | PDF
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| Alexandra Botelho | A Survey of Early Photographically Illustrated Books: 1839-1852, Including an Account of the Volumes Present in the George Eastman House Library Rare Book Collection | 2001 (?) | The importance of the photograph album and the photographically illustrated book as an early format for the presentation of photographs has been largely neglected. A vast majority of 19th-century prints were originally manufactured and meant to be seen in a bound format. (more...) | PDF
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| Jens Gold | Investigation of Methods Used to Misrepresent the Conditions and the Age of Photographs | 2001 | Due to recent increased valuations in the fine art photography market, questions have arisen about ways to misrepresent the age and condition of photographs. Various methods have been postulated, such as the use of old papers, or the aging of new papers. Through a series of experiments and research into the most commonly-discussed possibilities, a better understanding of the technical and aesthetic issues involved has been achieved. (more...) | PDF
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| Jens Gold | Different Kinds of Sizing on Salted Paper Prints | 2000 | In the 19th century photographers had only limited ways to deal with contrast, brilliance and tonality. In the history of photography class of the Advanced Residency Program, different ways to work with these parameters were discussed. (more...) | PDF
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| Dana Hemmenway | The Making of a Conservation Database for the Photographs of Hill and Adamson at George Eastman House | 2001 | This study was designed to examine the work of photographers David Octavius Hill and Robert Adamson with two objectives in mind. Develop a plan for conducting an object-centric inquiry based on the work of an individual photographer (in this case a pair of photographers), and then to create a resource in the form of a database to be used by individuals seeking technical or material information relating to the history and conservation of Hill and Adamson photographs. (more...) | PDF
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| Dana Hemmenway | Coating Materials Used in Early Photography | 2000 | The primary objective for this study was to develop a more sophisticated understanding of and requisite visual skills to detect coated photographic images from the 1840s to the 1860s. With this information photograph conservators will be better able to detect and distinguish coatings in order to develop preservation and treatment strategies. (more...) | PDF
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| Kathrine Kilde | The Photographic Activity Test: What Is It and How Is It Useful? | 2001 | The background for the Photographic Activity Test (PAT) for black-and-white materials is represented through a short introduction to the pertinent ANSI and ISO standards. A summary of the history, development, and use of the PAT is given, followed by a more detailed explanation of certain aspects of the method to clear up possible misunderstandings of how it works and what it can test. (more...) | PDF
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| Tania Passafiume | A Silver Gelatin DOP Sample Book and a Characteristic Catalogue of the Edward Weston Collection at George Eastman House | 2001 | With the maturation of the fine art photographic market, questions are asked about characteristic aspects of individual prints. Currently, judgments involving consistency in paper type, mounting method, inscription placement, stamping style, etc., within a photographer's work, are made upon fragmentary or anecdotal evidence. (more...) | PDF
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| Tania Passafiume | Bayard in Rochester | 2001 | This project traces the history of this direct-positive process with an attempt to recreate the first examples. This report includes detailed notes describing each experiment along with the observations and conclusions arrived at along the way. (more...) | PDF
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| Klaus Pollmeier | Documentation and Characterization of Photographic Surfaces by Edge Reflection Analysis | 2001 | The day books of Edward Weston are full of notes detailing how the change from matt, buff platinum papers to glossy white silver gelatin papers changed the perception of his work. Therefore, the Edward Weston print collection at the George Eastman House was an ideal application case study for edge reflection analysis. (more...) | PDF
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| Klaus Pollmeier | Building a Camera | 2000 | While discussing the early history of photography, it is essential to understand pre-photographic developments in science, art and philosophy. (more...) | PDF
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| Laura Downey (Staneff) and Therese Mulligan | "A Voice for the Prints” in The Photography of Alfred Stieglitz: Georgia O’Keefe’s Enduring Legacy, Rochester, NY, George Eastman House, 2000 | 2000 | This essay deals with Georgia O'Keeffe's document, "Conditions for the Care of the Alfred Stieglitz Collection" that accompanied each set of Steiglitz photographs that were distributed to major art institutions in the United States following Steiglitz's death in 1946. (more...) | PDF
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| Cycle 2 (2001-2003)
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| Elena Bulat | Conservation Issues of Paper Stereo Transparencies | 2003 | A conservation study was made of the George Eastman House’s French tissue stereo card collection, numbering 522 items. The focus of this project was to understand the individual characteristics of the French tissue, its deterioration and its conservation needs. (more...) | PDF
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| Elena Bulat | Conservation Assessment Russian Museum of Ethnology, Saint Petersburg, Russia | 2004 | A conservation assessment of the photographic collections of the Russian Museum of Ethnography was conducted during the period from November 18-23, 2003 by photo conservator Elena Simonova-Bulat, second cycle Andrew W. Mellon fellow and Senior Resident in Photograph Conservation at George Eastman House House, Rochester, New York. | PDF
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| Jiuan-jiuan Chen | Edge Reflection Analysis (ERA): A New Technique for Non-contact Texture Analysis of Glossy Surfaces | 2003 | This project was especially driven by the desire of photograph conservators for an additional tool to date and possibly authenticate photographs, using manufacturing- and processing-determined surface features of photographic papers, and to better document the effect of surface treatments. (more...) | PDF
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| Kate Jennings | Research into the Conservation of Paper Negatives | 2003 | The aim of this research was to provide a more sophisticated understanding of the physical structure of paper negatives and demonstrate changes that could occur as a result of treatment and exhibition. (more...) | PDF
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| Hanako Murata | Secondary Protective Housing System for Daguerreotypes | 2003 | This research outlines the design, testing, and practical application of a secondary protective housing system for daguerreotypes developed for a major, multi-venue daguerreotype exhibition. Various designs and materials for daguerreotype housings were originated in this project and subjected to evaluation for their practicality and degree of sealing against atmospheric influences. (more...) | PDF
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| Sara Shpargel | Environmental Management through the Climate Notebook®: A Case Study on the Process of Achieving Climate Control at George Eastman House | 2003 | The goal of this research was to test the application of the Climate Notebook software to monitor environments and learn about correlating effects on photographic collections using the George Eastman House as a model. (more...) | PDF
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| Maria Fernanda Valverde | Guide for Identification and Preservation of Negative Collections | 2003 | This project created a published guide and an illustrated poster on the evolution of the photographic negative, showing the distinctive characteristics of the different processes and their manifestations of deterioration. (more...) | PDF
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| Adrienne Lundgren and Kate Jennings | Col. A.G. Greenlaw Process Experiments Part I | 2002 | The paper negative process used in this experiment was selected by Mark Osterman. This particular recipe was published in the Year Book of Photography and Photographic News Almanac,1869 although similar processes can be found in the literature as early as 1850.(more...) | PDF
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| Adrienne Lundgren and Kate Jennings | Dr. Thomas Keith’s Waxed Paper Process Experiments Part II | 2002 | The aim of this project was to gain experience with both the calotype and waxed paper process. Dr. Thomas Keith’s waxed paper process published in Photographic Notes in 1856 was selected for several reasons. (more...) | PDF
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| Jiuan-jiuan Chen | The Image Colors of Early Photographs: An Investigation of Photogenic Drawings and Leucotypes by William Henry Fox Talbot | 2002 | This project was to explore the different recipes described in William Henry Fox Talbot’s notebooks P and Q that did not involve the use of a fixer. Two aspects are particular interests of this study: the image colors formed from various combinations of salting and stabilization solutions and stability of these colors. (more...) | PDF
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| Cycle 2 group project | Non-aqueous Adhesives | 2002 | Projects looked at the aging characteristics, working properties, reversibility, and pros and cons to each adhesive.(more...) | PDF
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| Cycle 3 (2003-2005)
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| Corinne Dune | Care of Rare and Unusual Photographs: A Methodology | 2005 | This research on the care of rare and unusual photographs seeks to advance the knowledge and understanding of photographs and photographic processes that are too uncommon to be considered in the general guidelines for the care and identification of photographic processes. (more...) | PDF
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| Corinne Dune | George Eastman’s Early Experiments of Emulsion on Flexible Transparent Films | 2004 | This paper describes Eastman's early experiments to produce a flexible, transparent camera negative material starting with an emulsion coated on oiled paper and moving through strippable paper-based film rolls and ultimately ending with cellulose nitrate based film. (more...) | PDF
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| Corinne Dune | The Hillotypes | 2005 | This paper discusses the history of the (controversial) first color photographic process in the world: The unfixed ‘color’ daguerreotypes (called Hillotypes) of American photographer Levi Hill. The author visited the Smithsonian Institution to examine the largest collection of 62 Hillotypes. (more...) | PDF
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| Lydia Egunnike | Opalotypes: Their Evolution and Care | 2005 | It is the aim of this research to raise awareness of these issues, and provide a simple tool to assist the custodians of these objects to understand and care for their opaltype collections. (more...) | PDF
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| Lene Grinde | Conservation of Stereo Daguerreotypes | 2005 | Conservators and students of conservation lack guidelines for making corrective interventions when confronted with jeopardized stereographic daguerreotypes. It is proposed to create a guide which establishes protocols for examination, documentation and analysis, which provides illustrations of the issues typically presented by this form of photographic object. (more...) | PDF
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| Phillipa Morrison | The Effects of Solvents on Silver Dye Bleach Materials | 2005 | The use of solvents on color photographs is an area that photograph conservators recognize requires research. There are no standardized effective methods for cleaning contemporary color photographs, and there is a lack of understanding of the effects of solvents on the complex materials contained in a color photograph. (more...) | PDF
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| Mariana Planck | Preserving B&W Negatives from Physical Damage: Handling Methods and Enclosure Design | 2005 | The project provides a useful terminology to describe the different types of enclosures, understand their fundamentals, purpose and functionality. Through the formation of a study collection, the goal was to develop a timeline that illustrates the evolution of negative paper enclosures and creates precedents for future rehousing projects in institutions. (more...) | PDF
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| Claire Buzit-Tragni | Use of Ultraviolet-induced Visible Fluorescence for Examination of Photographs | 2005 | This project evaluates the application and limitations of ultraviolet-induced visible fluorescence examination for the identification, characterization, condition assessment, and treatment of photographs. A comprehensive examination of photographic materials, from daguerreotypes to color prints, was carried out using shortwave and longwave ultraviolet radiation. (more...) | PDF
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| Ralph Wiegandt | Investigation into Traditional and Modern Daguerreotype Housing Systems from a Conservation Viewpoint | 2005 | This project attempted to determine how air and humidity enter and move inside traditional and replacement housings. Also, proper testing methods were developed to evaluate the housings, including air- and moisture-tighness tests using A-D strips and cobalt humidity indicators. (more...) | PDF
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| Corinne Dune, Lene Grinde and Ralph Wiegandt | Characterization of Black and White Silver Gelatin Fiber Based Photographic Prints | 2005 | This collaborative project among fellows and staff at the Image Permanence Institute explores methods to group, characterize, and illustrate aspects of silver gelatin black and white photographic prints. (more...) | PDF
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| Clair Buzit-Tragni, Corinne Dune, Lene Grinde, Phillipa Morrison | Coatings on Kodachrome and Ektachrome Films | 2005 | The Eastman Kodak Company introduced Kodachrome in 1935 and it quickly became the first commercially successful color transparency film. (more...) | PDF
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| Taina Meller and Ralph Wiegandt | The Conservation Program and Exhibition Design for “Young America: The Daguerreotypes of Southworth & Hawes” | 2007 | From the outset, this major daguerreotype exhibition strove to raise the bar in meeting the considerable exhibition and conservation challenges inherent in exhibiting the daguerreian medium. “Young America” introduced innovations in lighting and display of daguerreotypes, incorporated a secondary preservation housing system to maintain a sealed micro-climate for the exhibition daguerreotypes, and instituted a high resolution, digital image based condition report and a monitoring program that was completed at each installation and de-installation during the multi-venue exhibit. (more...) | PDF
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| Cycle 4 (2005-2007)
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| Karina Beeman | A Guide for Establishing a Photograph Conservation Laboratory | 2007 | Currently there is no publication for the professional charged with creating a photograph conservation laboratory. Instead each professional must make critical decisions based upon an often limited survey of existing models (more...) | PDF
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| Karina Beeman | 1860 Lincoln Political Campaign Button – Part of American Political Memorabilia | 2007 | Beeman, Karina. "1860 Lincoln Political Campaign Button – Part of American Political Memorabilia" | PDF
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| Karina Beeman | Frederick Henry Evans (GEH Collection) Research for Fine Photograph Connoisseurship Resource | 2006 | This project was a thorough aesthetic characterization of F. H. Evans prints. It is modeled on a catalog raisonne, but is restricted to prints in the George Eastman House Collection and includes photographs by other photographers that were reprinted and mounted by Evans. (more...) | PDF
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| Karina Beeman | Loss Compensation Methods with Microcrystalline Wax and Wax Resin Mixtures | 2007 | This paper describes the use of various types of wax fills for loss compensation in ambrotypes and tintypes. The technique was developed by former ARP fellow, Ralph Wiegandt (2003 to 2005). (more...) | PDF
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| Luisa Casella | Establishing a Wiki Resource in Fine Photography Connoisseurship and Conservation | 2007 | This report describes the creation of a Wiki-like on-line connoisseurship resource for photographs, although the model could apply to other materials. (more...) | PDF
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| Luisa Casella | Photograph Collections Survey: Guidelines Proposal | 2007 | This report describes the general process with specific examples starting with the pre-survey questionnaire and working through the on-site visit through the final report. (more...) | PDF
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| Rosina Herrera | Alfred Stieglitz’ Lantern Slides: History, Technique and Technical Analysis | 2007 | The goal of this research project is to create the section about Alfred Stieglitz’s work within the website, currently known as Notes on Photographs. (more...) | PDF
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| Rosina Herrera | Alfred Stieglitz’ Mounting Method for Gelatin Silver Prints: Three Case Studies at George Eastman House Collection | 2007 | The purpose of this paper is just to share the observations made during the close examination of four cases studies. This is a preliminary study and much more study and compilation of Stieglitz's mounting methods is required. (more...) | PDF
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| Gustavo Lozano | Nineteenth Century Albums & Photo Books: History, Technology and Conservation | 2007 | This essay explores the history of the photograph album and the photographically illustrated book and analyzes the evolution of their valuation, function and conservation. (more...) | PDF
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| Patrick Ravines | Surface Profilometry: a New Approach and Method in Photograph Conservation | 2007 | Confocal surface topometry system is being used as research tool in the study of fine art photography from the collection at George Eastman House International Museum of Photography and Film. A research initiative with daguerreotype collections began in late 2005 to establish baselines and condition of the surfaces. (more...) | PDF
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| Gawain Weaver | Deterioration of Fiber-base Gelatin Silver Prints | 2007 | “A guide to fiber-base gelatin silver print condition and deterioration” is a 41-page illustrated guide to how and why gelatin silver prints deteriorate, and includes a 2-page deterioration chart, diagrams, and photographic illustrations of 15 forms of print deterioration. | PDF
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| Rachel Wetzel | The History of Light Bleaching Techniques Used in Photograph Conservation and the Examination of the Short-Term and Long-term Effects of Light Bleaching Silver Gelatin Photographs | 2007 | Light bleaching can often be a successful means of reducing discoloration products in photographic materials, though its short and long-term effects are unknown. This paper explored the changes that occurred when silver gelatin developed-out photographs that were (more...) | PDF
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| Rachel Wetzel | British Journal of Photography Almanac Annual Summary of Photographic Inventions and Events in Photographic History | 2005 | The desire to learn about the history of photography in the 19th century lead me to the British Journal of Photography Almanac, where I found a summary of inventions and progress in the field of photography illustrated for each year. (more...) | PDF
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| Katharine Whitman | The History and Conservation of Glass Supported and Protected Photographs | 2007 | This research project is intended to provide students of photograph conservation the basic information on the history, manufacture, deterioration and conservation of glass supported photographs. The result is a teaching text for the photograph conservation community. (more...) | PDF
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| Rosina Herrera, Luisa Casella and Jean-Louis Bigourdan | Hispanic Society of America: Survey Report | 2007 | This survey report is the final product of a survey project undertaken by ARP fellows, Rosina Herrera and Luisa Casella for the Hispanic Society of America in New York City. The goal of the survey was to determine the general condition of the collections as well as to make recommendations for improving the current condition of the collection. (more...) | PDF
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| Dan Kushel, Jiuan-jiuan Chen, and Luisa Casella | Small Scale Reference Plates for Conservation Documentation of Photographs | 2007 | This paper describes the construction of a photographic reference plate for use in conservation documentation. (more...) | PDF
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| Patrick Ravines, Christian Wichern and Jiuan-jiuan Chen | Optical and Surface Metrology to Study Cultural Heritage: Confocal Topometry Applied to the Surface Study of Photographic Images | 2008 | Optical and surface metrologies provide non-perturbing (non-contact, non-invasive and non-destructive)
instrumental techniques that are amenable and well suited to in situ surface studies of objects of cultural heritage such as original historical and fine art photographs. (more...)||PDF
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| Patrick Ravines, Ralph Wiegandt, Grant Romer and Richard Hailstone | Optical and Surface Metrology Applied to Daguerreotypes | 2007 |
This paper describes a preliminary study of the application of surface analysis instrumentation to Daguerreotypes and silver-gelatin prints.
(more...)||PDF
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| Cycle 5 (2007-2009)
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| Caroline Barcella | Conservation Project of the Manila Daguerreotypes | 2009 | A detailed report introduces the Manila Daguerreotypes and their historical context, and describes how the detailed examination of individual objects revealed additional information regarding the material history of the group. It discusses the didactic tools developed during the project. The final section synthesizes the conservation interventions performed to document, stabilize and ensure the long-term preservation of the Manila Daguerreotypes. (more...) | PDF
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| Valentina Branchini | The Photographs of Alvin Langdon Coburn at George Eastman House | 2009 | This is a study of the Alvin Langdon Coburn holdings at George Eastman House, which consist of photographs, apparatus and manuscripts bequeathed by Coburn in 1966. Examination and intersection of these collections have provided elements for reconstructing the photographer’s working method and an insight of cause-and-effect relationships of materials, processes and aesthetics in his works. (more...) |
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| Valentina Branchini | Survey of the Photograph Reference Collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art Now Held at the Image Permanence Institute | 2009 | From the early twentieth century through the 1970s, the Metropolitan Museum of Art developed its Photograph Reference Collection as an encyclopedic resource for the study and teaching of art history. With its several hundred thousands photographic and photo-mechanical prints, the collection documented works of painting, sculpture, architecture and decorative arts throughout the world, from prehistory to the twentieth century. (more...) |
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| Mirasol Estrada | A Study in Photograph Conservation Problem Resolution: A Conservation Plan for the “Mexican Suitcase” | 2009 | This work describes the challenges that a complex case represented by an important group of 35mm film rolls known as the Mexican Suitcase and how we solved them. The challenges were access to the material, long-term preservation proposal and recommendations for the exhibition of this unique object. (more...) | PDF
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| Alejandra Mendoza | Current Status of Treatment Practices in Photograph Conservation | 2009 | This research is an analysis of the current status of treatment practices in photograph conservation, based on fifteen video taped interviews with senior photograph conservators, conducted from January to May 2009. (more...) | PDF
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| Anna Michas | An Introduction to the History, Identification and Collectability of Early Postcard Prints | 2009 | Since the first postcard was issued in 1869, they've had a long and varied history requiring international acceptance and standardization in 1878 and resulting in a major industry. The picture postcard, in particular, has been popular ranging in subject from personal photographs to novelty cards, and mass produced tourist postcards. (more...) | PDF
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| Hyejung Yum | A Brief History of Early Photographic Paper | 2009 | This research project is an attempt to better characterize 19th century photographic papers with regard to their manufacturing methods and chemical content. XRF was used to analyze the imaging materials to understand the variations better. (more...) | PDF
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| ARP Faculty
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| Grant Romer | “The Regard of Mundane Miracles: the Daguerreotype Collection of Harrison D. Horblitt.” Six Exposures; Essays in Celebration of the Opening of the Harrison D. Horblit Collection of Early Photography, The Houghton Library, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, Anne Anninger and Julie Mellby, editors. pp. 47-65. | 1999 | [[]] | [[]]
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| Grant Romer | “Laser Ablation Mass Spectroscopy of Nineteenth Century Daguerreotypes”, D.L. Hogan, V.V. Golovlev, M.J. Gresalfi, G. Romer, P. Messier. Applied Spectroscopy, Vol. 10, No. 10, pp. 1161-1168. | 1999 | [[]] | [[]]
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| Grant Romer | “An Overview of the Current Development of the Field of Conservation of Photographs”, Conservazione dei Materiali Librari Archivistici e Grafici, M. Regni, editor. Allemandi, Torino. pp. 243-246 | 1999 | [[]] | [[]]
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| Grant Romer | “A Research into the History of Photograph Conservation: George Eastman’s Legacy”, Pau Maynes and Grant Romer, The British Museum Occasional Paper, Number 145 | 2001 | [[]] | [[]]
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| Grant Romer | Young America: The Daguerreotypes of Southworth & Hawes, co-author with Brian Wallis, Steidl Publishing, Stuttgart, Germany | 2006 | [[]] | [[]]
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| Mark Osterman | The Wet-Plate Process, A Working Guide, Scully & Osterman, publishers. | 2001-2009 | [[]] | [[]]
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| Mark Osterman | The Collodion Journal, quarterly. [24 issues] | 1995-2002 | [[]] | [[]]
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| Mark Osterman | An Annotated Bibliography Relating to Albumen on Glass Processes | 2001 | [[]] | PDF
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| Mark Osterman | Ambrotype Process: Wet Collodion Positives on Glass | 2009 | [[]] | PDF
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| Mark Osterman | Collodio-Chloride Printing Out Paper (Aristotype) | 2008 | [[]] | PDF
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| Mark Osterman | The Autochrome Process | 2003 | [[]] | PDF
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| Mark Osterman | Rolling and Burnishing of Nineteenth-Century Photographic Prints | 2005 | [[]] | [[]]
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| Mark Osterman | The Chromatype | 2008 | [[]] | PDF
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| Mark Osterman | Collodio-Chloride Printing Out Paper | 2007 | [[]] | PDF
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| Mark Osterman | Crystalotype | 2008 | [[]] | PDF
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| Mark Osterman | Crystoleum Plates | 2008 | [[]] | PDF
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| Mark Osterman | Evolution of the Daguerreotype; Before 1839 | 2007 | [[]] | PDF
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| Mark Osterman | Scully & Osterman on Gold Toning | 2008 | [[]] | PDF
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| Mark Osterman | Ivorytype | 2008 | [[]] | PDF
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| Mark Osterman | Making, Coating and Processing a Simple Gelatin Emulsion | 2007 | [[]] | PDF
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| Mark Osterman | Making the Ferrotype | 2003 | [[]] | PDF
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| Mark Osterman | The Albumen Print | 2007 | [[]] | PDF
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| Mark Osterman | A Method for Separating Cutting’s Patent Ambrotypes | 2000 | [[]] | PDF
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| Mark Osterman | Niepceotypy: The Albumen on Glass Negative Process | 2001 | [[]] | PDF
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| Mark Osterman | Orotone process | 2008 | [[]] | PDF
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| Mark Osterman | Printing Out Papers | 2009 | [[]] | PDF
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| Mark Osterman | Printing out vs Developing Out Papers | 2005 | [[]] | PDF
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| Mark Osterman | Experiments in Silver Halide Evolution | 2007 | [[]] | PDF
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| Mark Osterman | Comments regarding Salted Paper Prints in the Charles Simart album | 2007 | [[]] | PDF
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| Mark Osterman | Talbot’s Rings; The Effect of Iodine Fumes on Metallic Silver | 2005 | [[]] | PDF
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| Mark Osterman | The Fugitive Image; Schultze & Daguerre | 2009 | [[]] | PDF
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| Mark Osterman | The Leucotype Direct Positive Salted Paper Print | 2005 | [[]] | PDF
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| Mark Osterman | The Technique of Making Carbon Tissues | 2005 | [[]] | PDF
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| Mark Osterman | Understanding Bayard’s Direct Positive Process | 2007 | [[]] | PDF
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| Mark Osterman | Understanding Photomechanical Printing Processes | 2008 | [[]] | PDF
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